Nano-Fluids as a Coolant for Automotive Engine Radiators: Review Study

Abstract

Low-efficiency crossflow heat exchangers which are used as radiators in the automotive sector may cause engine damage. Nano-fluids are ideal coolants due to their high heat diffusion coefficient and can be added to almost any process that requires a fast reaction to thermal performance, such as the automobile. The nanofluid's thermal conductivity is greater than that of the base fluid such as water and ethylene glycol and can achieve more than 40% and enhance the heat transfer coefficient by more than 50%. The best results for heat transfer were to use carbon nanoparticles with base fluid. This article reviews previous research investigating the effect of nano-fluid in automotive radiators in which nanoparticles such as Al₂O₃, CuO, TiO_2, and MWCNT are used. The preparation and application of nano-fluid and measurement of thermal properties and the effect of volume fraction on efficiency are discussed. The review also is focused on the numerical and experimental studies of previous work related to nano-fluid performance in automobile radiators