A Review on Improvement Techniques of Freshwater Productivity for Solar Distillation Systems

Abstract

Solar desalination is known as a method used to turn brackish into potable water owing to high population density and automation, consumable water demand continues to increase. and the system used for desalination is known as a solar still. The main types of solar stills include active and passive solar stills fresh water is obtained from passive solar stills without the use of high-grade energy(electrical energy). several researchers framed mathematical expressions, performed experiments, and confirmed the outcome of the different types of solar stills This paper analyzed the methodologies used in previous years to enhance the efficiency of active and passive solar stills. using types of absorbent materials, reflectors, and a sun tracking device is introduced the solar energy intensity is maximum and thus improves absorption production by 380%, an overall increase in efficiency of 2% will increase production to around 22% in some research,  Through this study, The results showed that the use of wire nets and sand in the container increases the daily output of freshwater by about 3.1%, 13.7% in winter, about 3.4% and 14.1% in summer. It also turns out that the productivity of distillation is 20 L / m² over the inverter compared to 5 kg / m² in the conventional system. Results also show that the efficiency of the solar still is affected by the kinds, design, and heat storage system.